Kenya's National Debt
Every shilling owed, every lender named, every cent of interest — so you can hold power to account.
Source: CBK/Treasury
Live national debt counter
KES 7.59T
Outstanding public debt — money borrowed by the Kenyan government that must be repaid, with interest, from taxes you pay.
+8.8% YoYAdded KES 1.01T in 2025
10-year trajectory
Per citizen
—
If every Kenyan paid an equal share
Debt-to-GDP
82.2%vs PFM Act 55%
Risk level
High
Based on IMF debt-sustainability thresholds
Two measures of public debt
What Treasury reports vs. what IMF counts — and what the gap means.
Treasury / CBK
KES 12.66T
Central Government debt — loans the National Treasury owes directly.
Source: CBK Statistical Bulletin
As of Apr 2026
Broader measure
IMF general government
Includes counties, SOE debt, pension arrears, and pending bills — the measure credit-rating agencies and IMF Article IV use.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
—
What each number counts. The CBK figure is Central-Government debt — loans Treasury owes directly. IMF's figure is General-Government, the measure credit-rating agencies and IMF Article IV use: it adds county debt, state-owned enterprise guarantees, pension arrears, and pending bills.
Audit trailOur 12.66T figure is the loan-level sum from CBK's Statistical Bulletin (June 2025 issue, the most recent published). The CBK/Treasury annual aggregate reports 12.50T — a 1.3% gap typical for line-level vs. roll-up data. Click for details.
Sources & Reconciliation
Kenya's debt is published as two slightly-different totals. We show both, with the sources, so you can verify.
Live
Outstanding Loan Register
KES 12.66T
Sum of every registered debt instrument — multilateral loans, bilateral loans, commercial loans, Eurobonds, Treasury bonds, T-bills, CBK advances, and pending bills.
- Source
- CBK Public Debt Statistical Bulletin
- Fetch
- Daily · PDF parsed server-side
- Last updated
- 29 Apr 2026
← Used as the headline figure on this site
Reference
Treasury Annual Aggregate
KES 12.50T
CBK/Treasury's consolidated stock published in annual statistical bulletins and the Budget Policy Statement. This is the figure quoted in news headlines.
- Source
- CBK Annual Report · Treasury BPS
- Fetch
- Quarterly · manual reconciliation
- Covers
- FY 2025
Gap: KES 158B(1.3% of the loan register)
The two totals disagree because Treasury's aggregate is published after consolidation adjustments — forex revaluation on external debt, T-bill rollovers in transit, and pending bills yet to be booked into the instrument register. Treasury reconciles these at year-end. We use the live loan register as the headline because it's tied directly to the CBK bulletin our ETL parses daily — so the number you see moves when CBK publishes fresh data.
Who Kenya owes
The debt broken down by lender category — foreign creditors (external) vs. local banks and pension funds (domestic). Hover to compare.
External debt51.3%
KES 6.49T
Foreign-currency exposure — World Bank, China Exim, Eurobonds. FX risk on the shilling.
Domestic debt48.7%
KES 6.16T
Treasury Bonds & Bills held in-country by banks & pension funds. Rate risk.
Total owed
KES 12.66T
7 categories
Breakdown by instrument
7 categories38.4%
22.4%
21.1%
8.3%
Domestic Bonds38.3%
KES 4.86T
External Multilateral22.4%
KES 2.84T
External Commercial21.1%
KES 2.68T
Domestic Bills8.3%
KES 1.05T
External Bilateral7.9%
KES 980.0B
Pending Bills7.3%
KES 931.3B
Domestic Overdraft2.0%
KES 250.0B
Who each category is owed to
When the bills come due
Outstanding balance per maturity year — the “walls” of debt Kenya must refinance or pay off.
Biggest wall
2034 — KES 2.28T
Showing 5 loans with published maturity dates across 2025–2037. Dashed green line marks today.
Revolving & pooled instruments
Continuously rolled over — no single maturity date. Interest costs recur every year.
Domestic Treasury BondsKES 4.56T
Multilateral (World Bank / IDA / IBRD)KES 1.80T
Multilateral (IMF — Extended Credit & Resilience Trust)KES 644.6B
Multilateral (African Development Bank / AfDB)KES 302.0B
Domestic Infrastructure & Green BondsKES 300.0B
Bilateral (Japan — JICA)KES 205.0B
Bilateral (Other — Germany KfW, India, Korea, Belgium, UK, Italy)KES 127.0B
Bilateral (France — AFD)KES 118.0B
Multilateral (Other — EIB, IFAD, IFC)KES 95.0B
Kenya in the East African context
Debt-to-GDP, service ratio and external share across EAC peers. Sources: IMF WEO, World Bank IDS (via WDI).
You
🇰🇪
Kenya
Above 55% anchor
68%
Service / Rev
55.7%
External
45%
🇷🇼
Rwanda
Above 55% anchor
62%
Service / Rev
7.7%
External
94%
🇺🇬
Uganda
Caution
53%
Service / Rev
21.0%
External
39%
🇹🇿
Tanzania
Caution
43%
Service / Rev
13.9%
External
47%
🇪🇹
Ethiopia
Within sustainable band
27%
Service / Rev
12.6%
External
24%
EAC peer average debt-to-GDP:46.1%
Kenya vs. average:+21.9 pp
Can Kenya keep paying?
Three sustainability ratios compared against internationally-agreed thresholds. Crossing them signals fiscal stress.
68.0%PFM Act 55%
Debt-to-GDP
Total debt as % of the economy (PFM Act anchor, PV)
55.7%IMF 30%
Service / Revenue
% of tax revenue going to debt repayment
45.4%
External share
% of debt held by foreign lenders (FX-exposed)
5-year projection
Where every KES 100 of revenue goes
Kenya’s revenue (FY 2025/26) doesn’t cover the whole budget — debt service is a first-call charge, paid before anything else. What’s left funds the rest; the shortfall is borrowed.
Debt service takes
56KES
out of every KES 100 collected in tax & non-tax revenue
Above IMF 30% ceiling
Source: National Treasury Budget Policy Statement FY 2025/26. Includes interest + principal redemption on Consolidated Fund Services.
Your 100-shilling coin, split
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Filled = shillings lost to debt service before anything else is funded
Full allocation per KES 100 of revenueSum exceeds 100 — shortfall funded by borrowing
56
42
23
+35
Debt service56
Recurrent42
Development23
Counties14
Borrowing (shortfall)35
Stalled payments
Money already owed to suppliers, contractors and staff — but not yet paid. Older bills are a signal of cashflow distress.
Total money owed, unpaid
KES 1.13T
Across 106 ministries, agencies & counties
National vs. counties
82%
18%
National
KES 931.3B
Counties
KES 197.6B
Aging — how long bills have gone unpaid
Bills older than 180 days are referred to the Pending Bills Verification Committee.
Data quality note: The backend currently derives aging from the loans table, where all entries are flagged as 180d+. A richer breakdown will appear once the pending_bills seed lands.
The cost of debt over time
Annual debt service (interest + principal repayments) and what share of revenue it consumes.
The full loan register
Every active loan facility, sortable by what matters most to you.
Domestic Treasury Bonds
domestic bonds
OutstandingKES 4.56T
Rate14.50%
Annual costKES 661.8B
MaturityRevolving
Eurobonds (2014, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2024 issues)
external commercial
OutstandingKES 2.28T
Rate7.25%
Annual costKES 165.0B
Maturity2034-02-28
Multilateral (World Bank / IDA / IBRD)
external multilateral
OutstandingKES 1.80T
Rate1.25%
Annual costKES 22.5B
MaturityRevolving
Domestic Treasury Bills (91-day, 182-day, 364-day)
domestic bills
OutstandingKES 1.05T
Rate16.00%
Annual costKES 168.0B
Maturity2025-12-31
Multilateral (IMF — Extended Credit & Resilience Trust)
external multilateral
OutstandingKES 644.6B
Rate2.20%
Annual costKES 14.2B
MaturityRevolving
Bilateral (China — Exim Bank / CDB)
external bilateral
OutstandingKES 530.0B
Rate2.00%
Annual costKES 10.6B
Maturity2037-05-01
Commercial Banks (Syndicated loans)
external commercial
OutstandingKES 400.0B
Rate6.50%
Annual costKES 26.0B
Maturity2029-01-01
Multilateral (African Development Bank / AfDB)
external multilateral
OutstandingKES 302.0B
Rate1.50%
Annual costKES 4.5B
MaturityRevolving
Domestic Infrastructure & Green Bonds
domestic bonds
OutstandingKES 300.0B
Rate13.00%
Annual costKES 39.0B
MaturityRevolving
CBK Overdraft Facility
domestic overdraft
OutstandingKES 250.0B
Rate0.00%
Annual costKES 0
Maturity2025-06-30
Sources
- • Central Bank of Kenya — Monthly Statistical Bulletin & Public Debt Register
- • National Treasury — Budget Policy Statement, Budget Review & Outlook
- • Office of the Controller of Budget — Budget Implementation Review Reports
- • Peer comparison: IMF World Economic Outlook, World Bank International Debt Statistics